Monday, September 30, 2013

The Heat is On - Indoor Heating and Air Conditioning Options


The professional term HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and pretty much sums up your indoor air climate. For those of us in the higher elevations of a more northerly latitude, heating is a significant concern and few have A/C where in the southern lattitudes, homes may focus more on A/C and rarely concern themselves with heat. And everyone should concern themselves with ventilation in their building whether it is done naturally with careful window placement and operation, or mechanically with blowers and filters. This blog will concern itself primarily with residential home HVAC and commercial systems shall be another post some other time.

There are two primary mediums in which one may transfer heat in their home. Moving air and moving water. Neither of these seems terribly high tech, and when you get right down to it, modern home heating systems fundamentally haven't changed much for quite some time. While advances in effeciencies have been tremendous, the core technology of heating air or water and moving it is still the same.

GFA ($): This means a Gas Forced Air system. Quite simple really - you have a furnace which burns fuel or has an electric heating element that warms air in a heat exchange chamber. Then a fan blows the heated air from the chamber through supply ducts to different portions of the home. A return duct sucks the air back into the chamber and the process continues in a loop. When you want air conditioning in the summertime, the same system exhanges the heat from the chamber to a separate refrigerant loop which takes the heat outside and effectively cools the air in the chamber, then the blower system circulates the cool air. Moving air tends to be an uncomfortable way to heat a home as it can be loud and can cause drafts, however it is one of the less expensive methods.

High Speed Air ($$): Same basic idea, but the air moves much faster through smaller ducts. Great for remodels where you don't have the luxury of space to run ductwork. Manufacturers claim that sound is less of an issue because of duct size and other design features

Electric baseboard ($): cheap to install, but expensive to operate, these registers simply heat with an electrical element (like in a stove) and exchange heat directly with the surrounding air in a baseboard type unit. No A/C possible with electric systems.

In-floor electric radiant ($$$): this is an electric resistance mat installed under a tile floor. very expensive to install and to run, but might be appropriate for very small areas like just a master bathroom if you seek warm toes on a winter morning.

The next systems are Hydronic systems. "Hydronic" is just a fancy word that simply means water. Water can be used any number of ways...

Hot Water Baseboard ($$): The simplest is to have a boiler heat the water (again, burning fuel or using an electric element). Then the water is circulated with a small pump to various locations within the home that have a radiator of some kind. In much older homes, the radiators are quite large and take up quite a bit of space, but since the 60's, radiators have been replaced with baseboard heating registers. Still radiators, but much smaller and lower profile. Air conditioning is generally not supported in a system like this because of convective challenges in the baseboards.

In-Floor Radiant ($$$): Water can also be circulated in the floor of the home. This can be done with the piping that circulates the water embedded in a concrete slab, a lightweight gyp-crete slab on a structural wood floor deck, or stapled up under the plywood floor (staple-up). There are other products out there for in-floor radiant, but they all function essentially the same. Part of the cost of a system like this is in the structure that supports the additional mass. This is an extremely comfortable way to heat a home, but it does not support A/C very well and the response time for a temperature change is very slow. It can also wreak havoc on some hardwood floors, so be careful here.

In-wall radiant ($$$?): Same basic idea as in-floor, but the pipes run in concrete walls. This system obviously requires much more planning and concrete exterior walls, but we've seen it and it appears to be very effective.

Fan Coil ($$): This system still has the boiler, but it moves water throughout the house to a small exchanger that has a fan attached to it that will blow the hot or cold air at the point of exchange. The nice thing here is a rapid response to temperature change.

Hybrid systems ($$-$$$): These systems are composite systems, like in-floor radiant in a lower level slab, but fan coil heat in upper levels of the home. These methods can be very effective to customize the type of heat and A/C in a home.

And let's not forget the good old fireplace. Some may argue that a traditional fireplace is actually an A/C topic and not a heating device because of its abysmal efficiency and ability to draw cold air into a space. We highly recommend inserts, stoves, gas units, anything that can contain the movement of air and maximize the BTUs available in the fuel. Sometimes, we use these as the sole heating source for cabins or weekend places. The traditional open hearth fireplace looks nice, but forget about relying on it solely for heat.

So that's the basic rundown for most of the options available for central HVAC in a home. Every home is different and everyone has different preferences and different budgets. It is a very important element in the design of your home, and something we tend to talk a lot about because it can really affect the life-cycle cost of the home as energy prices go up. We also like to talk about it very early on in the programming phase as it can quickly drive a myriad of other design decisions.

Four Benefits of Air Duct Cleaning and Air Duct Repair


The drive home: traffic congestion filled with black smoke freshly burped from the exhaust of a big rig. After a long day inside an office, you may look at the city where you live and see nothing but a cesspool. How do you walk around breathing the fumes of what you and your fellow neighbors have created?

You probably can't wait to get inside under a nice cool air conditioner and enjoy clean air for a change. Maybe that is what you expect. But if it is, get ready for some bad news, because you'd be dead wrong to think so.

Did you know that the Environmental Protection Agency estimates indoor air is up to 70 times more polluted than what you encounter every single day during your work commute?

Seventy times!

Most of this indoor pollution exists because people fail to engage in duct cleaning or furnace cleaning as often as they should. That's right. The cost of ignoring basic maintenance on your central heating and air can produce a pollution worse than anything you will likely encounter outside, and could lead to costly air duct repair - or worse, duct replacement.

You can't afford to take air duct cleaning for granted any longer. And why would you want to? Here are four great benefits of quality air duct cleaning and care:

1. For your health. Inside your air ducts, there are all kinds of unwanted critters waiting for you to discover, if left alone. Bacteria, fungus, mold spores, pet dander, and pollen, routinely collect to contaminate the quality of your clean air. Through air duct cleaning and furnace cleaning, you can remove these factors from your indoor life before they take control of your allergies, your asthma, or your day.

2. For the energy savings. The EPA estimates that it doesn't even take one-tenth of an inch of dust buildup on a heating coil to negatively affect your energy efficiency. Just how negatively does less than one-tenth inch affect your energy savings? It reduces the performance by 21%. If your electric bill was $100, that means you could be paying only $79 through proper air duct cleaning.

3. For less work around the house. Notice you've been dusting (or needing to dust) a lot lately? It may be time to check your air ducts. By engaging in routine maintenance and air duct cleaning you can greatly reduce the time you spend on menial chores like dusting.

4. For the life of your equipment. By routinely engaging in quality air duct cleaning, or hiring a specialist to ensure your ducts are getting the treatment they need for optimum performance, you greatly reduce the likelihood of air duct repair or air duct replacement, which will surely be waiting for you down the road otherwise. And that you don't want. It is expensive, and until you can take care of the problem, it means you're not getting clean air.

It is best to stay on the problem before it becomes too late. But if it is time for an air duct replacement, don't hesitate any longer. The cost you can quickly make up for in a more efficient energy system and future awareness that will prevent serious problems before they occur.

What Makes Panasonic Air Conditioners Efficient and Reliable


Panasonic Air Conditioners are known for proving the best possible to customers by being efficient and reliable. These come with a variety of unique features that make them stand out as compared to other air conditioners.

Some of the main features that really make these machines popular are:

Advanced Air Purifying System - It is the only air conditioner that has the ability to remove up to 99% of dust particles and germs. It sends out e-ions to inactivate airborne bacteria and catch dust particles. The filter is charged positively and attracts these e-ions to provide a completely clean room as even microscopic dust is captured.

Super Tropical Compressor - The main component that affects the quality and performance of an air conditioner is its compressor. This compressor was developed in 2001 and is an excellent option to provide high efficiency even under high load situations.

Patrol Sensor - This feature detects microscopic dirt in the air and starts the purification. Its biggest advantage is that is keeps working even when the air conditioner is off. The sensor is color coded and is blue in color when monitoring the air, changes to red when it detects dirt and then to orange when it is cleaning the air.

Super Alleru-Buster Filter - This filter combines an anti allergen and anti virus with an anti bacterial protection, which ensure that harmful and unwanted particles like dirt, dust, bacteria, viruses, moulds and spores are completely eliminated form the room.

Blue Fin Condenser - The condenser of a unit is exposed to wind, dust and salty air that combine to harm it beyond repair. Panasonic boasts of tripling the life of the condenser by applying a layer of anti rust coating that increases the reliability as well.

Long and Wide Airflow Vane - The vane is designed so as to disperse the air into each and every corner of the room and provide uniform cooling.

Odor Removing Function - Usually when a unit starts up a few unwanted odors are thrown into the room. This is prevented as the fan remains immobile for a short period of time when the unit is switched on and during this short time the odor inside the unit is eliminated.

Panel - The panel can be easily removed from the unit and washed in normal water and detergent. This further promotes a better, smoother and efficient performance.

Quiet Mode - A number of units come with a quiet mode but these units come with a special button that can be pressed to reduce the noise level by about 3 decibels. This helps a lot in making them a popular choice in homes with babies.

Powerful Button - This can be used to increase the cooling with a powerful and strong air flow. It is of tremendous use when fast cooling is required like when a person just enters a hot room.

Air Conditioning - Evaporative Or Refrigerated?


With warmer weather, our thoughts often turn to creating a more comfortable environment in which to live, work and play. Maybe you just remember the hot, sticky and sleepless nights you endured last summer and said to yourself "that's it, no more living in an oven!". Whatever led you to this decision is not that important, but now you have some other decisions to make.

For example, will you go for a fully ducted system for you home or just a room air conditioner to make the hot nights more bearable? Or perhaps you might go for a split system, where you have an outdoor unit connected to an indoor unit by two refrigerant lines. These are all options if you own your own home, but what if you're renting? Many landlords would not be happy for you to make alterations to their building without agreeing to leave the entire installation for the next tenant. Conversely, you would understandably not be happy to pay for an installation that you may only use for a limited time.

The solution to this issue is the use of a portable air conditioner. This article will focus on this type of unit. So, what are your options in portable air conditioners? Well, basically there are two types of units; evaporative and refrigerated. Let's have a look at the differences.

Evaporative units use the principle of passing air over water. If you were to run a fan in a room, you would simply be blowing hot air around the room. This moving air would cool you down marginally due to it taking away the heat from your skin surface, but the effect is not significant in extreme conditions. You will still feel hot and very uncomfortable. If you were to blow the air through a wet cloth, the water would absorb some of the heat from the air and evaporate. Consequently, the air that comes out the other side would be cooler. This is essentially how an evaporative unit operates. A pump moves water from a reservoir tank over a pad (wet cloth) and a fan blows air through the pad.

It's a pretty simple concept. There are however, some drawbacks. The first one is performance. You will only drop the temperature by a few degrees at best. You can improve this a little by using ice with the water. The other negative is that the humidity will markedly increase, which will make the room feel 'sticky'. Also, you will need to top up the tank now and again. The advantages are the cost and portability. You can purchase one of these units for less than $100 and there are no special installation requirements. Just fill with water, plug the power in and go.

Refrigerated units look similar, but are quite different in their operation. They also rely on evaporation, but it's evaporation of a refrigerant contained within a high pressure closed system. The system comprises a compressor to pump the refrigerant around the system, an evaporator, which work similar to a car radiator and the interconnecting pipe work. The refrigerant leaves the compressor at high pressure and is transported to the evaporator, which faces the inside of your home. The refrigerant is allowed to expand in the evaporator, and in doing so, will drop it's temperature. This cooler refrigerant is allowed to pass through a coil. Air from the room is blown over the coil and the heat from the air is absorbed by the refrigerant to be taken back to the compressor, via a compressor coil. Another fan passes air over the compressor coil to cool down the heated refrigerant and expel it to the outside air. In a portable unit, this is ducted outside via a window kit.

So, in short, if you don't mind paying a little bit more, the refrigerated unit will provide much greater performance over the evaporative one. The only downside is that it is heavier and will use a bit more power. Whichever unit you choose, it will be make life in your home more enjoyable as you won't feel like you're slowly melting away into the summer months.

Are There Any Problems Associated With Underfloor Heating Systems?


Lately, there has been an increase in the popularity of underfloor heating because many homeowners have realised how effective these systems are at keeping their homes warm. Making the decision to install this type of heating, however, often causes homeowners to ask a number of questions about its effectiveness. One of the more common questions surrounds the occurrence of problems with the underfloor system. There are actually a number of things that could go wrong, and they have been outlined below.


  • Insulation: If your home has been properly insulated and has had the correct underfloor heating system installed, you should be able to effectively save energy. If your home hasn't been properly insulated, however, you may find that your electricity costs actually increase and that you experience moisture problems (even mold growth if you're really unlucky). This is especially prevalent when being installed in floors with absolutely no insulation.

  • Flooring: Before making the decision to install underfloor heating in your home, you should carefully look at the types of materials that you have used to cover your floors. Parquet flooring, for example, will actually block the warmth from entering the room above. Timber floorboards are known to crack over time because the heating dries it out. If you don't have hard and heavy materials (like natural stone and ceramic tile) you might find that your system is lacking.

  • Life Expectancy: If your underfloor heating system has been properly installed by a professional, it should last for at least 30 to 40 years, and maybe even longer. Some parts may need to be replaced after about 15 years, but this should be fairly inexpensive and easily completed. If your heating system has not been properly installed, however, you might find that it only lasts a short amount of time. You could also find yourself spending extra cash on repairs.

Whilst there can be no denying that there are a few problems associated with underfloor heating, it should also be noted that these problems will only occur if you don't choose the correct system for your home or you don't have it installed properly. Providing that you contact a professional and ensure that your flooring is not a porous material, you can rest assured that your underfloor system will be able to provide your home with the warmth and comfort that you have long desired, as well as helping to save you money.

Carrier Air Conditioning Units Can Also Heat Your Room During Winter


When we talk about air conditioning units, we immediately think of cooling the room to a comfortable temperature. There was a time when the air conditioners job was to lower the temperature, not raise it. Nowadays air conditioning manufacturers have made double purpose units that both cool the room and heat it.

The latest Carrier air conditioning units can raise the temperature in your room during winter aside from cooling it during the summer months. Carrier is a well-known air conditioning brand. Not only is it renown in the Unites States of America, but is also famous all over the world. Millions of people use Carrier air conditioning units because they are known to be reliable. Most, if not all of them are completely satisfied with the product.

Carrier has stepped up and introduced the real air conditioning units, not just air coolers. There was a time when it was unheard of to use your air conditioner during the winter. Now, Carrier has given you a reason to buy and use air conditioners for cold months. This company has always been the leader in the air conditioning industry because of their innovation and setting the standards higher before other brands.

Some of you may have wondered why no one invented air conditioners that are capable of heating the room as well. Carrier air conditioning units can do that now. These units are sometimes called Carrier heat pumps. If you have time to visit their website, you will be able to discover all the info you need about this product. There, you will find details about warranties, prices and tips on how to trouble shoot the products. Their customer support also provides info on how you can get tax credits of up to $1,500 USD when you buy Carrier products.

Aside from saving on taxes, you can also take advantage of rebates of up to a hundred dollars if you trade in your old Carrier unit for a new one. Their websites also explain how the latest state-of the-art technology is integrated into their air conditioners. If you are not well-informed in technological terms and need some help to understand the details, you can simply ask their experts to explain them further. Their consultants can give you tips on how to use their units effectively by conditioning your room to get the best out of your air conditioner.

Carrier cooling and heating systems are energy-efficient and carry the Energy Star to prove it. Their employees can give you more information on how to maximize it further. Positioning the air conditioner in a place where it does not get direct sunlight will make it use less energy to cool your room during the summer. Proper home insulation also helps maintain coolness or heat.

Aside from being able to make you save on your electric bills, their air conditioners are also environment friendly. The cooling refrigerant they use is Ozone friendly. It is indeed the air conditioner of the future. The best part about it is that it will not cost you an exorbitant amount to get Carrier air conditioning units.

Sunday, September 29, 2013

Toshiba Air Conditioning Units


Toshiba's exceptional air conditioners have won 14 environmental awards as well as an abundance of recognitions and certifications for being not only powerful and energy efficient but for having minimal impact on the environment as well.

Toshiba has been a leading competitor in air conditioners for 30 years. They thoughtfully and carefully design each and every one of their products to keep their consumers comfortable in even the harshest climates while maximizing energy savings and maintaining air quality.

The creation of their DC Hybrid Inverter was really something special and very much welcome in the world of air conditioners. Toshiba managed to incorporate inverter technology into air conditioning units, allowing them to be controlled by a modifying current frequency. What this means to you is ano fuss appliance that you turn on and do not have to constantly re-adjust because the variations are controlled in the unit's core.

Toshiba Split Inverter Air Conditioner ECO1208 SD Premier 3.5kW

These units are a top choice due to their A/A energy rating as well as their plasma air filter. This is a 12,000 BTU air conditioner that features Eco-friendly refrigerant, remote control with night light, digital displays that are extremely easy to read, 24-hour sleep timer and special air vane technology. These Toshiba air conditioners come with a copper pipe kit that is 10 meters long, making them very simple to install.

Toshiba 3.5kW Inverter

This is another very popular 12,000 BTU air conditioner that features their coveted inverter technology. The Toshiba 3.5kW Inverter has an A/A energy efficient rating and can be easily installed to any exterior wall of your home. The external unit is then mounted outside of your house to keep the noise out where it belongs. With these units, you never have to worry about coming home and having an uncomfortable climate if you happen to lose power during the day because it has an automatic restart. This is a very important feature to have if you have pets that are left home alone so they don't become overheated. It also features a wireless remote and 24-hour timer. While this model is pretty quiet, there are other Toshiba air conditioning units that are quieter.

Recharging Air Conditioning Frequently Fixes Your Cooling Problems


An air conditioners inability to cool is often directly linked to the refrigerant level in the unit. Adding refrigerant is the first thought that comes to mind when a unit quits cooling properly; however, this is not always the best solution for the problem. A correct charge and the right amount of fluid make a unit work appropriately. When an industrial air conditioning service does the commercial HVAC installation, they put in the right amount of refrigerant and set the balance for you. After thorough use, a refrigerant leak or a change in the charge may occur. This affects how the unit operates. Refrigerant itself never goes away. It doesn't burn up or evaporate like other fluids. Additional refrigerant is only needed if a leak is present. Recharging air conditioning is the more realistic solution if a leak has not been found.

A leak needs to be detected and repaired by an industrial air conditioning service. Units with refrigerant leaks tend to cool for a couple of hours and then stop working. They may be blowing air but it will be warm air. Refrigerant coils freezing is another sign that you need to hire someone experienced with commercial HVAC installation and repair. A unit that is low on refrigerant will operate below freezing and form ice from moisture in the air. The ice will build up, block air flow, and can result in more costly repairs. Refrigerant leaks are also very harmful to the environment. The fluid is hazardous to people, animals, and plants. Older fluid types are said to be very bad for the ozone as well. Air conditioning operates on a closed loop and fluid should only be added if there is truly a leak in the unit.

A low charge can also decrease the efficiency of an air unit. When a unit has a low charge, it operates at a higher range than it should. The unit may need to be replaced if it runs on a low charge for a long time. Have a professional check the charge of your unit every year to ensure that it is operating well and in not in any danger. Refrigerant fluid can act as a lubricant for some compressors and loss of the fluid can result in a ruined compressor. Technicians common find fluid leaks while they are recharging air conditioning. A HVAC system that must be refilled several times a year may need to be replaced. Refilling should only have to happen yearly if at all.

You can prevent these and other problems by having your unit checked and serviced each spring. Servicing is essential for air conditioner efficiency. Components can become dirty and the build up is very hard on them. Debris around the outside unit can restrict air flow and reduce system performance. Parts can become run down and need to be repaired or replaced. Having your unit serviced ensures clean and working parts. Refrigerant charge and levels are checked before the unit is subjected to heavy summer use. Spring is slower for service professionals and it is easier for them to service a unit than to repair it.

Heat Your Pool Water With A Heat Pump


Aside from warming and cooling houses and buildings, heat pumps can also heat a pool. And even though these pumps rely on ambient air and underground heat to warm a pool, it can heat small to large size pools. Also since heat pumps are more energy efficient and have lower maintenance cost, they are recommended for everybody who wants to do laps and stay in their pool even during colder times.

In order to function properly, these pumps should have complete parts like the evaporator coil, compressor, heat exchange condenser, expansion valve and fan. These parts along with the refrigerant in the coils heat the water in the pool. The evaporator coil act as a collector of heat, the refrigerant that flows inside the coils transforms into gas and goes onto the compressor where the gas is pressurized.

The intensified heated gas is then transferred to the heat exchange condenser, which will heat the cold water from the pool. The refrigerant will then turn into liquid that will pass through the expansion valve and into the evaporator coil once again to repeat the process. The hot air inside the heat pump is removed by the fan.

The pool heat pump has two pipes; one pipe collects the cold water that will pass through the heat exchanger and will be released into the other pipe as hot water. This process continues until the whole pool is warmed up.

This kind of pool pump works perfectly if the temperature is higher than 45 degrees. However this seems not to be a big problem since most people use their outdoor pools when temperature is mild and gentle. A pool heating pump also comes with a temperature controller which controls water temperature. Some units have five to ten year warranty on their products.

There are two kinds of pool heating pumps; the air source pumps and the water source pumps. Among the two, the air source heat pump is more commonly used as it operates by using ambient air while the water source operates by using heat generated from wells, rivers and lakes.

Water source heat pumps are commonly used during special occasions because of its difficult installation process. However both pumps are efficient and have low maintenance costs. These type of pumps are environment friendly and can last from 10 to 25 years, even more when maintained properly and regularly.

Pool heating pumps also have its disadvantages. They are initially considered to be more expensive than gas heaters, but in the long run these pumps are cheaper because one does not have to pay $30 per month for gas. It is sustainable and only uses ambient air to operate.

Another disadvantage is the temperature limit, the pump can only function well when temperature is under 45 degrees, therefore it is not recommended for heating indoor pools when temperature outside is lower. These types of pumps are indeed a better alternative in heating pools however it is best to know if it fits the conditions properly.

Energy Saving Programmable Thermostats


thermostat is simply a switch, it turns on a furnace/air conditioner. A programmable thermostat changes the parameters of the switching. Everyone understands that a furnace will run less if the temp is set lower, obviously reducing the amount of fuel used to maintain temperature. There are 4 types of programmable thermostats, 5-2, 7-day, adaptive, and evolution style.

1. 5-2 Refers to how the days are allocated for programming. The 5-2 is the most basic of the programmables. The days are are lumped together for programming mon-fri and Saturday/Sunday. The programming for a basic 5-2 allows for 4 change points throughout the day, wake, leave, return and bed. most folks have regular schedules through the week allowing for uniform changes of temperature. A sample day might be Mom waking up at 5:30 to start everyone on their day, so for the "wake" setting we would set the time at 5:15 and the temperature to 71 degrees. By 7:45 everyone is dressed fed and out the door so we could put the "leave" setting at 7:30 and 60 degrees. The kids begin getting home at 4:00 to the "return" setting set at 66 degrees. And finally bed time at 10:00, with the "bed" setting at 9:30 and 60 degrees. Saturday and Sunday will generally have a "wake" and "bed" setting. Don't worry about catching the occasional chill all programmables that I've seen have an override function that allows change of temperature until the next scheduled program. Theses units are available at most home centers for about $30 and are very easy to change.

2. 7-day stats allow individual programming by day not week. These are great for anyone with a varying schedule in that it allows more control of the programming. Other than that it works just like the 5-2. Just plan on programming taking a little longer and spending about $75. Installation will be the same as a 5-2.

3. Adaptive recovery. These are installed and programmed the same as the 7-day. The difference is that the adaptive thermostat will "learn" your house and HVAC system. How? Simple with the 5-2 if you wake up at 5:30 and the stat changes at 5:30 your house will be 60 degrees. The adaptive unit will start the furnace in the middle of the night and raise your house temp one degree so it "learns" how long it will take to reach your "wake" setting. At 5:30 when you roll out of bed the house is where you want it. This is really nice during the hottest days of summer. Instead of coming home to a hot house with a struggling A/C you arrive to your desired temperature.
Plan on spending about $125 for one.

4. Evolution style. Evolution is the Name Bryant gives its top of the line system. These are whole house controllers running temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality equipment. Carrier and Honeywell both make similar systems. These units are installed with all new equipment by dealers and are unavailable to homeowners at this time.

5. Savings. Estimating savings earned with programmables is difficult. I have heard as much as 3% per degree below 70 degrees which I find unlikely, and I have heard 3-4% total which is easy to believe. For about a $100 and an hours time even at the low end of the estimation programmable thermostats will have a quick payback.

The Myth of Human Evolution


Our solar system hurtles through the universe, spinning and turning with the precision and timing of a fine watch. The biosphere of our planet is perfect, able to forever sustain all life in perfect balance and harmony while requiring the addition of nothing other than sunlight. The 'simplest' form of life is represented by a one-celled bacteria, acknowledged to be many times more complex than the most complex thing ever created by man. However, the living cell also possesses the miraculous capability of self-reproduction! The human body is comprised of at least twenty trillion cells (20,000,000,000,000), each of which is more complex than a bacterium. Shortly after the human female egg is fertilized it begins producing cells. Somehow, each one of those cells immediately knows where to go and how to begin functioning in combination with other cells in the formation of a greater sub-system, and each sub-system understands how to interact with and begin coordinating with many other systems. Hundreds of millions of cells begin forming into what will eventually become the optic nerve, which is actually an optics and electrical communications bus of fantastic complexity and refinement that allows the brain to process optical data and interpret and regulate functions of vision. In fact, the human eye with its complementary systems is infinitely more complex and refined than the most advanced video camera, and just the lens of the eye represents a level of achievement in optical science that far surpasses the multi-tiered optical systems of the most advanced telescopes. Other processes begin that somehow lead the direction of calcium and mineral carrier cells in the construction of thousands of different, complex designs of bone and tooth formations of varying densities and consistencies. Some have enamel layering depending on function, and others mobile connecting joints with built-in permanent lubrication systems along with blood producing factories located within bone cores that represent nothing less than wonders of technological design. All the while this intelligently guided planning is being organized and inter-coordinated with other processes resulting in the creation of nerve, hormonal, glandular, digestive, lymphatic, pulmonary, muscular, auditory, cardio-circulatory and olfactory systems, sub-systems and organs that reflect a truly incomprehensible degree of complexity, intricacy and engineering mastery. The human brain is by far the most complex thing in the universe. With the tremendous advancements in knowledge gained in recent years as to how the brain functions and what it does, scientists will affirm that using presently available computer technology they could not duplicate the human brain's processing power or data storage capacity even if they could construct a computer the size of the planet earth! (The fastest, most powerful super-computing arrays yet developed by IBM and NEC have processing speeds equivalent to at most one-third of the brain-of a common housefly.) In fact, it has been estimated that the power and capacity of the human brain to process and store information is infinite! Most of what our brains do is performed without our conscious realization as hundreds of thousands of complex, elaborate systems are constantly monitored, regulated, controlled and communicated with via untold trillions of instruction sets per millisecond, 24 hours a day, over a nervous and chemical network that makes the entire world's satellite and fiber optics telecommunications systems combined seem like a crude, simple and primitive toy. However, the most amazing thing done by the brain is something that no computer can begin to do, which is to enable the generation of original conscious thought, reason and emotion.

During the 19th Century it was thought by scientists that the universe consisted of two basic entities-matter and energy. Due to the great scientific advancements that have occurred in the 20th Century coupled with a deeper awareness and level of thought, it is now seen that there is a third, vastly more important entity at work in the universe and that is required for life to exist-information. Information is a mass-less quantity that is not reducible to energy. This awareness is forcing another realization that is taking root among many contemporary scientists and thoughtful people-the acknowledgement that information is only generated by intelligence, and intelligence is meaningless, impotent and even impossible apart from an original, driving purpose-in other words a will and a desire-a personality.

Of this kind of science [evolution] it might truly be said that it was `knowledge falsely so called.' " Dr. David C.C. Watson, The Great Brain Robbery (1976).

Almost 150 years after the publication of Darwin's "The Origin of Species", the postulated law of biogenesis remains unchallenged-life can only come from previously existing life. In Darwin's time biologic and organic systems were thought to be many, many times simpler than they are known to be today. Just the likelihood of all of the tremendously complex organic components being formed and then coming together by any imaginary scenario of chance to create the nucleus of cellular life, DNA, can be shown to be an impossibility "of the highest order". Yet even then the DNA could not have survived without the equally complex, highly structured systems of support needed and that are present in the simplest living. The double strand helix of DNA is called by scientists: "The most densely packed and elaborately detailed assembly of information in the universe." Far from being able to create life in a laboratory, scientists today will readily say that they have only scratched the surface in uncovering the seemingly imponderable mysteries and complexities of organic life. Note: Evolutionists admit that the possibility of the right combination of atoms and molecules falling into place to form just one simple protein molecule is at least 1 in 10 raised to 113- a number that exceeds the estimated total number of atoms contained in all of the billions of stars within each of all the billions of galaxies in the known universe combined! Mathematicians dismiss as having never taken place, even regardless of an infinite time frame, anything that has a probability of occurrence of less than 1 in 10 raised to 50. But far more than one simple protein molecule is needed for life. Some 2000 complex protein molecules are needed just for a cell to maintain its activity, and the chance that all of them could occur at random is greater than 1 in 10 raised to 40,000! However, many scientists feel that this calculation does not represent the most difficult challenge to the spontaneous generation of cellular life, since it doesn't take into consideration the issue of structure, in the same way that a huge pile of steel, aluminum, plastic and glass is not automatically structured into a Boeing 777.

"Scientists who go about teaching that evolution is a fact of life are great con men, and the story they are telling may be the greatest hoax ever. In explaining evolution we do not have one iota of fact, it is a tangled mishmash of guessing games and figure juggling." - T.N. Tahmisian, physiologist for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

Within the genetic code of any living thing there is allowance for variation. For example, all members of the feline or cat family could have sprung from just two original cats, a male and a female. But variation and speciation (formation of a new 'species'), among felines does not represent evolution since there is no vertical or upward increase in genetic complexity that has occurred. It is an example of horizontal change with no increase in complexity, as when dog or horse breeders selectively breed those animals to bring out certain characteristics. A dog can be bred to a certain size, either smaller or larger, but there is a point at which there is no further change possible since that limit allowed for in the genetic material (DNA), has been reached, and it is impossible for a dog to be inter-fertile with any other family of animal. A dog can never become anything other than a dog, and there is no evidence to indicate or even suggest that it has ever been anything other than a dog. Almost all of the so-called 'evidence' of evolution that is cited in textbooks represents this type of horizontal adaptation that occurs continually in all living things, however it would be a complete mistake to think of it as evolution as this is not what is taking place. The evolutionary idea that change occurs gradually in living organisms due to the passing on of inherited mutations has been completely discredited, yet this impossibility is still taught as fact in most school systems world-wide! True genetic mutations are extremely rare in nature and of those, 99% are demonstrably harmful to their recipients and render them no beneficial advantage. The extremely small percentages of mutations that are not harmful are seen as being neutral. Finally, almost all mutations are repaired and blocked from genetic transference within 3 generations due to the self-rejuvenating nature of DNA. Just as was the case with the peppered moth in 19th Century England, living organisms are constantly giving birth to a wide variety of non-exact duplications of themselves that are allowed for within the limits imposed by their genetic sphere, and one particular variation can become dominant in any population due to the very real process of natural selection through 'survival of the fittest' (but this never results in vertical, upward change representing increased genetic complexity). Dr. Jay Y. Chien, an internationally respected scientist with the Nanjing Institute of Paleontology and Geology in China is best noted for his extensive, groundbreaking research into the best-preserved fossil fields in the world representative of the 'Cambrian' geologic era, located in China's Yunnan Province. Dr. Chien has stated that his research convincingly reveals Darwin's hypothesized 'Tree of Life' to be in reality almost exactly the opposite of what Darwin proposed, (Darwin's 'Tree' is always displayed in high-school and college biology texts as accurately representing the history of all evolutionary descent on earth, and is the most famous icon of evolutionary dogma). However, long-standing research by scientists into the Cambrian era, evolution's so-called 'Big-Bang', has always shown that almost all now existing animal phyla (types) had suddenly appeared in that one geologic time-span. In the words of scientists: "almost overnight", geologically speaking.

"The creation account in Genesis [Bible] and the theory of evolution could not be reconciled. One must be right and the other wrong. The story of the fossils agreed with the account of Genesis. In the oldest rocks we did not find a series of fossils covering the gradual changes from the most primitive creatures to developed forms, but rather in the oldest rocks developed species suddenly appeared. Between every species there was a complete absence of intermediate fossils." D.B. Gower, "Scientist Rejects Evolution," Kentish Times, England, December 11, 1975 [biochemist].

Evolutionary explanations have no means of accounting for instinct in living things, which is the pre-programmed ability of some animals, birds and insects to perform feats that sometimes reflect what almost seems to be a superhuman wisdom. Certain ant colonies in sub-Saharan Africa build large above ground communities that incorporate a very ingenious method of natural air-conditioning that can maintain the interior temperature of the hill at a level 15 degrees cooler than the outside air. The delicate ant larvae within the community need to be maintained at this lower temperature or they will not survive. The exact way in which this impressive feat of engineering was accomplished was studied for many years before it was fully understood, and now the same principle of design is incorporated in civil engineering allowing for the building of much more energy-efficient structures. Evolution has no way of rationally explaining how co-dependency in biologic or ecological systems, also called 'irreducible complexity', came about. A very simple example of this can be illustrated by the clotting of blood in all warm-blooded creatures. It has been discovered that the clotting of blood is a very complicated chain of processes involving 8 separate chemical reactions. If one reaction does not occur, or if a specific enzyme or other organic factor is not present, blood will not clot. An evolutionary explanation would require us to believe that the first warm-blooded creature had possessed this extremely complex ability, or it would not have survived, and it would then have needed to pass this ability on as an inherited mutation to its offspring.

"Evolution is baseless and quite incredible." John Ambrose Fleming, President, British Association for the Advancement of Science, in 'The Unleashing of Evolutionary Thought'

Oftentimes, highly touted bone-fragment finds are disingenuously portrayed through the media and in textbooks as representing the 'part animal, part man' ancestors of humans. However, when the fragmented skeletal remains of these purported 'ape-men' are examined by experts in blind studies (when they have no prior knowledge of what they are examining), scientific consensus consistently and virtually always identifies them as representing either the remains of extinct apes, or as in the case of so-called 'Neanderthal Man', of a human with an advanced bone disease. When impressive artistic and digital renderings of these peculiar looking creatures as well as the evolutionary stages they supposedly transitioned through are graphically depicted in textbooks, TV programs and magazines, it is on the basis of pure speculation, imagination and wishful thinking. The strongest 'evidence' that evolutionists have in attempting to prove that there was once an ape that walked on two feet is a very short span of the imbedded hind prints of an ape without accompanying fore prints located at the site of an ancient volcanic lava flow in Tanzania, Africa; so that this site is world famous among evolutionists. Insofar as several animals including apes can be witnessed running on their hind legs for short distances today, and given the fact of the lava being extremely hot at the time the ape was there producing the prints, does this constitute proof? Note - evolutionists will admit it is the strongest proof they have!

"What is it [evolution] based upon? Upon nothing whatever but faith, upon belief in the reality of the unseen, belief in the fossils that cannot be produced, belief in the embryological experiments that refuse to come off. It is faith unjustified by works." Dr. Arthur N. Field.

Why would an 'ape-man' that represented an improvement over a mere ape go extinct, while its inferior predecessor would not? How is it that flowering plants evolved the necessity of being pollinated by honeybees, therefore requiring a flower, when the atmospheric dispersion method used by most non-flowering plants is much more efficient, and why so many different types and colors of flowers when pollinating insects are for the most part attracted to one flower just as well as any other, and are insensitive to color? Should we expect an ape to possess the highest level of intelligence and reasoning ability in the animal world, as an evolutionary model would suggest? However in many specific aspects this is definitely not the case, and an ape is no more intelligent overall than many other animals. In its evolutionary progression toward becoming a reptile, did a fish undergo the thousands of changes necessary in order to evolve the ability to breath without gills (no small feat), concurrently with evolving the thousands of changes that would have been necessary before its fins became reptilian legs? Did the changes that occurred before the fins became usable as legs or the gills became usable as lungs render the fish a survivability advantage, or were many thousands of useless mutations retained and passed on?

"The theory of evolution suffers from grave defects, which are more and more apparent as time advances. It can no longer square with practical scientific knowledge...The Darwinian theory of descent has not a single fact to confirm it in the realm of nature. It is not the result of scientific research, but purely the product of imagination." Dr. Albert Fleischman [Erlangen zoologist].

Evolutionists once tried to say that humans possessed hundreds of useless organs that were carry-overs from previous evolutionary stages, what they called 'vestigial organs'. This was prominently cited as a proof of evolution in the past and it was taught as such in school textbooks, but now it is medically recognized that there are no vestigial organs in humans, none at all. It was once thought by many evolutionists (and taught in some textbooks), that the human embryo mimicked many stages of its evolutionary past while developing in the womb, including one stage where an attempt was made by the fetus to develop fish gills. This is now acknowledged by medical science to be complete, ridiculous nonsense. Evolutionists like to flaunt the fact that there are species of plants and animals living on the Galapagos Chain of islands that exist nowhere else (located off the coast of Ecuador, the Galapagos is where Darwin formulated many of his ideas on evolution). However this is insignificant in terms of even suggesting evolution, as those referred to species are closely related to and inter-fertile with their parent families that do exist on the mainland of Ecuador, so that this represents nothing more than another example of horizontal adaptation. In the book "The Blind Watchmaker", Richard Dawkins reveals great imaginary talents in illustrating a purely conjectural explanation of the evolutionary process, while offering absolutely no proof of it (and by his own admission the simplest living organism contains at least enough structured information to completely fill all 30 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica!)

"I have always been slightly suspicious of the theory of evolution because of its ability to account for any property of living beings... I have therefore tried to see whether biological discoveries over the last thirty years or so fit in with Darwin's theory. I do not think that they do. To my mind, the theory does not stand up at all." Dr. H. Lipson, "A Physicist Looks at Evolution," Physics Bulletin (1980).

While it's true that the ages of some organic specimens are often erroneously reported as being millions or billions of years old, these ages are arrived at 1) through the use of radiometric dating techniques that are admittedly highly suspect, and acknowledged to be unreliable due to many factors and variables especially as one goes further back in time, but primarily 2) through forcing the age of the specimen to fit into an estimate that 'seems' reasonable according to an arbitrary evolutionary time-frame. The practice of arriving at age estimates in this latter way is widely criticized as an example of what is referred to as the '*circular reasoning' of so much of what constitutes evolutionary logic; the presumption that since evolution is true, therefore this is how old it is, this is how it must have happened, etc-a way of thinking that is becoming increasingly ostracized for its lack of scientific soundness. Variables that call into question the validity of radiometric dating methods include ozone layer consistency over time, magnetic field disruption, the very imprecise science of accurately measuring rates of decay (resulting in great disparity of age estimates produced by different laboratories taken from the same sample, or even from the same sample at the same lab), and most fundamentally the extremely flawed assumption that isotopic samples represented a state of zero radioactive decay when first formed. In fact, the trend in science today is to dismiss the validity of ages arrived at through radiometric dating for ages over a few thousand years.

"Therefore, a grotesque account of a period some thousands of years ago is taken seriously though it be built by piling special assumptions on special assumptions, ad hoc hypothesis [invented for a purpose] on ad hoc hypothesis, and tearing apart the fabric of science whenever it appears convenient. The result [evolution] is a fantasia which is neither history nor science." James Conant [chemist and former president, Harvard University], quoted in Origins Research, 1982.

For many people, objections against considering the possibility of creation are based on a very narrow, artificial definition of science, which states that only observable physical phenomenon belong within the appropriate realm of science to consider. Since creation would require acknowledging the existence of an unseen creator, it is a concept they say exists outside of the proper boundaries of science to evaluate. Yet this violates the true spirit of science which is after all a pursuit of uncovering that which is true, and is tantamount to saying that truth cannot be acknowledged. It is true that an intelligent creator cannot be seen, but many of the most noted scientists of world history-Copernicus, Confucius, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Einstein, Pasteur, Darwin, Von Braun and many, many more did not doubt the reality of a higher intelligence behind the existence of the universe.

"Unfortunately, in the field of evolution most explanations are not good. As a matter of fact, they hardly qualify as explanations at all; they are suggestions, hunches, pipe dreams, hardly worthy of being called hypotheses." Dr. Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried (1971).

Saturday, September 28, 2013

Are Home Maintenance Contracts For Plumbing, Air Conditioning And Heating Needed?


Most people don't notice something is amiss with their heating or cooling system or with the plumbing unless there is a leak or breakdown that affects the normal life. Not only does disruption of running water, loss of heating and air conditioning become a safety concern but it can be inconvenient and frustrating. Homeowners do not known exactly what to look for when conducting an inspection and that is one of the major reasons that specialists are needed. If you want to avoid unpleasant surprises, it is best to ensure that plumbing, heating, cooling systems are regularly maintained and checked by local professional company.

Plumbing maintenance

To prevent coming back to a flooded house, it is best to have a plumbing maintenance with a local professional service. Pipe leaks and bursts are due to stress on the pipes and these are commonly fitted with washing machines, dishwashers and kitchen sinks. With a maintenance plan, regular checks and inspection is done on the insulation, quality of water supply, pipe connections and has a emergency protection plan to safeguard against flooding and burst pipes. Some of the maintenance procedures include new pipe installation, prevention of backflow, repairing leaks and plumbing fixtures, kitchen and bathroom plumbing among a host of other maintenance procedures.

Heating and Air-conditioning

There are numerous aspects to healing and air conditioning that have to be considered. This includes air circulation, coolant and power components that need to be checked to ensure smooth use of air conditioners. While HVAC inspection requires cleaning of filters and furnace while ensuring proper temperature can be maintained. Before the onset of winters, it is best to call in service technicians can help to conduct the inspection on tank-less water heaters, electric furnace and heat pumps can be of assistance.

Similarly getting the air conditioning ducts and filters cleaned and monitoring the coolant is essential before summers start. air conditioning experts are of the view that most central air conditioning systems that have been in use for over 10 years should be replaced to cut down on energy costs as they break down often and need costly repairs.

Radiant Heating System

If you are looking to cut energy bills and yet keep the house warm, you might be interested in getting the latest radiant heating system installed. This floor heating system is installed below the flooring and it heats the objects and people that come in contact of the flooring instead of heating the air. It is energy efficient and works on low temperatures while there is no noise when it is working. Through ducting below the floor, the heating system is installed and it radiates heat, warming the objects and people that come in contact with the floor. Thus, there is pleasant warmth without air currents. Though it is a new technology, there are various local companies offering installation and maintenance contracts for homeowners and businesses alike.

How to Fix a Leaking Air Conditioner


Central Heating and Air Conditioning is composed of two separate components, the outside Condenser (with the fan) and an air handler in your ceiling or in your garage. Your air conditioner not only cools your home, but also removes humidity from the air. This water condenses on metal coils inside your air handler and drips down into a drain pan. The AC condensate drain line lets water flow from the drain pan to somewhere outside close to the ground typically right near your outside unit. Over time this drain line gets clogged with algae and other muck. Once clogged the drain pan can overflow leaking water onto your ceiling and potentially cause thousands of dollars in damage.

Your course of action as a Homeowner? Unclog that drain line!!!

Options:

1. Drag a garden hose over to your drain line. Turn on the water and hold the hose tightly to the end of the drain. Hold the end of the hose to the opening of the drain as tightly as you can for about ten seconds. Then watch the water that drains out. Was it clear, or was there chunks of pink/brown/green slime? If it was clear, you haven't popped the clog loose and need to repeat. You will generally be soaked from head to toe by the time you release the clog using this method. You can prevent clogs by doing this once a month as preventive maintenance.

2. Find a Shop-Vac. Make sure to plug it into a GFI outlet because we will be dealing with water of course. Somehow get the hose of the vacuum to make a nice tight seal on the end of the drain line, if it's not air tight, you won't be sucking anything out.Turn on the vacuum and... wait. If you hear any gurgling or water moving, turn the vacuum off and look inside, did you get any gunk out? No? Repeat.

3. The Drain Pump. Implemented by an Air Conditioning technician with 23 years of experience that was fed up with those two other options. No garden hose, no extension cords, no electricity. It's as simple as pumping up a bike tire. It comes with all the fittings to make a nice tight seal on any size drain line, and is so easy to pump that a four-year-old can do it. Check out our videos, we can prove it.

Is it Possible to Evenly Cool a Multi-Level Home?


Modern air conditioning works by removing heat from an air source. The very definition of cold is simply the absence of heat, thus an air conditioner cools the air using three methods, radiation, convection, and something called heat cooling. No matter what style of air conditioning you have in your home, the process by which an air conditioner cools a house is pretty standard.

In an air conditioning system, a compressor causes the vaporized cooling medium (water, air, ice, or chemicals) to become really dense which adds heat to the system. That dense compressed vapor gets cooled during an internal heat exchange so that the vapor becomes a fluid. That same fluid gets pumped to the inside of your home, where it enters an evaporator. That evaporator consists of tiny spray nozzles that push the now cooling fluid into a chamber. In that chamber, the pressure drops and the fluid finally evaporates. It is that evaporation that cools off your home. As it evaporates, it absorbs heat from the air.

A multi-level home is much more complicated to keep evenly cool because of the different pockets of warmth that need to be cooled. Air conditioning contractors work hard to provide even cooling to a multi-story home because of the natural temperature differences between higher and lower levels. Since warm air rises and cool air naturally sinks, the lower floors will feel cool and the upper levels will feet hot. This temperature difference is easier to feel in a split level home because of the wide open space required by the stairwell.

Heating is a similar issue in multi-level homes, again because of the natural movement of hot and cold temperatures according to height. Contractors have a few tricks to keep the temperature in multi-level homes consistent. The first trick is to leave your furnace fan on. This moves the air in your house to push cool air upwards and warm air downwards, the opposite of the way they tend to move.

Another trick is to use ceiling fans. This is another way to force the movement of air. Even if you have an open floor plan or a troublesome stairwell, this is a quiet, cheap, and energy efficient way to move air where you want it in your home. Finally, close off any lower rooms that aren't in use. If you can close off an entire level of your home, you can hold the cooler air from moving down where no one needs it simply by shutting a door.

As for environmental concerns, it seems that keeping a multi-level home at the right temperature requires a lot of energy inefficient tricks. This doesn't have to be the case. For starters, make sure you have a highly efficient furnace with a variable speed option. Even a furnace running at 80 percent has a much worse impact on the environment and on your checkbook.

Three Top HVAC Van Storage Questions for AC Repair Efficiency


To a veteran air conditioning service technician, his HVAC van storage is second nature. He knows where everything is stored, each item has its own place, and when that place is empty, he's missing something critical for his job. The experienced AC repair person has also figured out the best configuration to make his HVAC van storage help him be as efficient and safe as possible.

If a rookie service technician were to apprentice under him, here are some things he might learn during a normal conversation about proper van setup for the air conditioning industry.

Q. Why is it important to plan out where all the small parts are kept in the van?

A. Locating parts, tools, and equipment quickly leads to faster completion of service calls, satisfied customers, and increased revenue for the company. Imagine the time it would take to dig through a large box in your van that is filled with relays, switches, connectors, thermostat boxes, pipe parts, and everything you need all jumbled together. If you were looking for one small part in that large box, you'd waste a lot of time.

Customizing the HVAC van storage with smaller drawers and bins makes it easy to locate and retrieve the parts you need. It also makes it faster to identify when you are missing parts, and when you need to restock your van before the next service call.

Q. What's the best way to haul refrigerant tanks in a service van?

A. There are a couple of different options, and it's a matter of preference, and how many tanks you usually haul at one time. Some HVAC van storage layouts have tank holders that sit on the van floor, securing one tank in an upright position.

Another tank storage option is a tank rack that is welded with sloped cradles, which make it easy for loading and unloading the tanks. Heavy steel tank racks can usually hold 3-4 tanks in nearly the same footprint space as one upright tank holder. As an extra storage solution, a welded tank tray rack can be installed on top of the rack system, offering another storage shelf for equipment.

Both of these options use a strap or bungee cord to secure the tank to the storage fixture, and can often be located where it's best for you in the van. Most technicians put these near the doors, for easy access without having to crawl inside the van.

Q. How do I optimize the best layout for my HVAC van storage?

A. There are a lot of customization options available. These vary from homemade solutions strapped together to pre-designed packages already configured as a solution for the HVAC industry. Solid steel modular components can also fit together for an effective storage solution.

The benefit of pre-designed trade packages as the storage solution is that careful spacing, design and planning have incorporated every need of a specialist in the industry. An air conditioning service technician carries specific tools, parts, and equipment; and the pre-designed packages incorporate trade specific items such as tank racks, vice mount holders, divided shelving, drawers, and hooks into the HVAC van storage layout.

Knowing how to organize the repair technician service van can save time and effort, and ultimately, money for the company. Take time to think through the flow of parts and equipment needed for a job, and organize your HVAC van storage in a way that allows you to operate more efficiently.

Attack Those Awful Air Conditioning Odors


Automobiles do not usually have stale, unpleasant odors but many drivers are often bothered and annoyed when they turn on the car's cooling system and those musty, stale air conditioning odors rush out of the vents. It is actually quite common for people to turn on air conditioning units and notice stale odors for the first 3-5 minutes

Usually after several moments of air conditioning odors, the unpleasant smell will simply fade away. Sometimes this peculiar odor will remain as long as the air conditioner is on and the fan is blowing. Even fairly new cars are not immune from the stale and annoying odors that very often accompany the cool breeze from your car's air conditioner. While not a health hazard, these odors can be very unpleasant. Most people want a safe and easy way to rid their vehicles of the scent.

A basic review of the air conditioner system in a car is necessary in order to develop a better understanding of how and why unpleasant air conditioning odors occur. You can also find out how to get rid of the odors with a little elbow grease and disinfectant. This tip might help you prevent future occurrences of this same problem.

When an auto's air conditioner is started, the compressor pump has to push the coolant through the hoses and coils to the condenser. The condenser is easy to find and is located in front of the radiators.

This is the place where the coolant product is actually cooled and is changed into liquid form. The liquid in the condenser is then pulled through tubes and hoses to the auto's evaporator unit. The evaporator unit is found in the ac heater housing unit. At this junction, the fluid will be changed into a gas and the heat from the evaporator unit is absorbed by this gas.

The air has almost constant water vapors that are present and this creates condensation on the newly cooled vents of the evaporator unit. This is the same thing that occurs when you take a cool jar from your refrigerator and place it on the table. The difference in temperature creates a layer of water, or condensation on the outside of the jar.

The condensed water is what traps the dirt and dust from the air as it is moving through the vents of the evaporator unit and blowing into the car to cool the passengers. Ordinarily you would expect this dirty water to drip into the bottom pan of the air conditioning and heater-housing unit. You always see this fluid dripping and puddling beneath cars in parking lots, especially during those hot, summer months.

Whenever a car is being driven it will encounter a dirty environment. You can count on some of the dirt, dust and other pollutants to end up caught in the bottom pan of this housing unit. This is not a totally air tight piece of machinery. This dirt and dust will also coat the evaporator unit, particularly on the tiny vents. These vents lead into the interior of your vehicle and as the air begins to blow through the system, and over these vents, you smell and inhale all of the air conditioning odors from the dirty water and whatever is in the water.

With a mixture of a dark warm environment, water, and dirt, you have a perfect place for fungi, bacteria, mold, and mildew. It is the dirty water and these microbes that are responsible for those air conditioning odors that you dislike. Your air conditioning unit is almost an innocent party; its only fault is trying to keep you cool.

There are some ways for you to clean and disinfect the units and thereby get rid of the air conditioning odors:

You can remove the entire housing unit and clean it yourself with disinfectant solutions.

You can opt to take the car to a professional mechanic and hire him to do this for you.

You can also just use a spray disinfectant solution and try to spray this into the complete interior of the housing unit. This auto AC disinfectant is available at almost all auto shops and all of the dealerships now carry it. If you will also clean the evaporating unit, you will help decrease or remove the odor and this one little project may help your air conditioner perform better. When you clean those vents on the evaporating unit this often allows better airflow and more efficient cooling.

Spray the disinfectant into the housing unit by aiming through the visible opening where the blower motor is mounted upon the resistor block. Your car's resistor block must be unbolted from the mount to get to the opening, but leave the block and the wiring connected. You must make sure to keep the blower motor running while you are doing the disinfecting. This is important to allow the spray to disinfect the system. Make sure to get the disinfectant into the housing and on the evaporator unit. Do not spray any of the solution onto any hot motor parts.

Use your vent fans or household portable fans to keep the interior of your car well ventilated during the time that you are actively applying the disinfectant. You want to get all of the disinfectant and the residue out and blown away. Let the car sit for about 5-10 minutes and then thoroughly wash and rinse all around the housing with at least 3-4 L of clean water. You will need to spray this water through that same opening. At this point, you can turn off your fans and put your resistor block back in its proper place.

How to Change Your Furnace Filter or Air Conditioning Filter


Analogous to change in technology and the ever-increasing pollutants in the atmosphere, home air filtering technology has undergone a massive change. Today, many home air filters are layered with chemicals for killing the mold and dust spores, and sanitizing the filter to dispel impurities.

If you live in a heavily populated vicinity, there is a high possibility of dust particles collecting in your air conditioner. These filthy dust particles may probably hold up the condenser of the air conditioner and compel it to work intensely. As this would hamper the longevity of the air conditioner and affect its performance in the long run, make sure you steam-clean the air conditioner at least once in two years. Besides, if you live in a highly polluted area, a yearly clean up would do you good.

Furnace filters and air conditioning filters not only screen out debris and unwanted pollens from the heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, but they also increase its productivity. If you replace them often, your air would stay healthy and clean without any allergens and all other types of bacteria that could be harmful to the lungs. Moreover, fresh replacements help in keeping the HVAC system running efficiently by prolonging its lifespan and reducing the utility bills after regular maintenance. Make sure you check your furnace filters and air conditioning filters, the need for replacement or cleaning every month and particularly during cooling or heating season when the system is continuously used. If these filters were not changed on a routine basis, your system would have to work extra hard, increase expenses and reduce performance.

Following are some common steps followed for changing the furnace filter or air conditioning filter:

o Turn off the HVAC system and look for the service panel. You could either use a screwdriver or your hand for removing these panels

o Locate the home air filter close to the intake-outtake blower; it might be behind a panel or door that swings or lifts open. Remove the filter.

o Before you install the new filter, look for an arrow (arrow indicating the direction of airflow) along the edge of the new filter. Install the filter, ensuring the arrow is pointing toward the blower motor and other related machinery. Make sure you don't install the filter in a backwards airflow manner as this decreases the efficiency of the home air filter.

o Turn your system on and check whether it is functioning properly.

Conforming to the above given steps you would easily be able to change the home air filter. If you are unable to change the air filter, call for a heating contractor and watch how they change the filter.

Furnace filters and air-conditioning filters are available in permanent (with metal framing or fiberglass) or disposable (with cardboard frames). Disposable models are very cheap, but need to be replaced within a time span of a month. Therefore, it is better if you have spare filters on hand to save time during the course of the year. On the other hand, permanent brands are cost-effective. All furnace filters and air-conditioning filters come with a MERV (Minimum Efficiency Report Value) Rating that denotes the capability of the product in comparison with the other various brands. The higher the MERV rating, the more beneficial your filtration will be.

Almond Oil


Almond oil is an essential oil that is harvested from a few main species of almond trees across the world. These trees used to be naturally occurring in the Middle East and Asia but has since been introduced elsewhere as it has grown to be a major cash crop. The almond oil itself is harvested from the kernel or "nut" via pressing (cold press, hot press). By body weight, each kernel can contain up to forty percent of oil. The oil itself is rich in fatty acids, with most of its composition containing Omega 9 fatty acids (60 percent), Omega 6 fatty acids and saturated fatty acids.

It is known as an essential oil, which basically translates into "the essence of the plant". There are two basic types of almond oil harvested for commercial purposes today. Bitter and sweet almond oil. Raw bitter almonds are never used for consumption as it has Amygdalin, a toxin that metabolizes to produce hydrogen cyanide. For safe use, the cyanide must be removed. In the skin care industry, it is the oil of choice as it is a natural emollient. It has a fragrant aroma and moisturizes the skin without clogging pores which makes it very good as a massage oil (Aromatherapy) or for facial cleansing.

Due to its moisturizing properties, it is seen as a natural treatment for skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis. It also moisturizes the scalp and corrects any scalp imbalances (dry scalp, dandruff). It can also be used as a base oil (Carrier oil) for a variety of other essential oils for aromatherapy purposes. Additionally, it is a natural lubricant that can be used for machinery although it is sometimes cost prohibitive. Machinery that requires lubricants without harsh chemicals (like timepieces) usually utilizes this oil. It is also used as a wood conditioner for woodwind musical instruments. Woodwind instruments describe any musical instrument that produces sound by forcing air through it.

Woodwind instruments include the flute, clarinet and horns. Sweet almonds are mainly used for consumption. They can be roasted or eaten raw. Sweet almond oil is mainly used for consumption. They are used in a variety of confections including nougat, cakes, marzipan and even cookies. It can be turned into a form of butter which is seen as a replacement for folks that have allergies to peanut butter. They can be drizzled to salads for additional flavor. Getting your hands on pure almond oil is a fairly straightforward process. Just about any aromatherapy shop will have both bitter and sweet versions for sale. Prices are very reasonable at less than three pounds for a 100ml of pure sweet almond oil.

Friday, September 27, 2013

What's This About Energy Star and Your Heating and Air Conditioning?


You have surely seen the Energy Star logo on appliance stickers. It's a familiar logo now, but if you asked what it means the common answer is, "The unit will use less energy." But this appliance rating really applies to much more than just the amount of energy produced.

The Energy Star rating was created through a cooperative effort between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of energy. The goals of the program include:

>> Designing products that use energy efficiently

>> Lowering the cost of consumer utility bills

>> Improving the comfort of homes through more efficient heating and cooling units

>> Protecting the environment by lowering green house emissions

That's a lot of end goals represented by a little label. Heating and cooling systems that earn this rating will be cheaper to operate and kinder to the environment. Did you know that statistics show that approximately half of all the energy used in a house is the result of running a furnace or air conditioner?When you heat and cool more efficiently you are actually lowering a major household expense.

Proper Installation is Half the Energy Battle

Of course, when you buy an HVAC system or home heating and air conditioning unit,you will need to make sure it is properly installed. The Energy Star folks not only developed an energy rating. They also created the Quality Installation guidelines. You need a professional installer who is familiar with and can follow the Quality Installation guidelines to insure your unit works as intended.

But even those who have an older system can benefit. The professional heating and air conditioning technician can often apply many of the Energy Star maintenance and performance improving techniques to older systems too. Your home will feel more comfortable because your unit is working more efficiently. This is true for HVAC systems installed in businesses too.

Not Comfortable?

The government guidelines recommend that systems older than 10 years old should be replaced if possible with an Energy Star unit. One way to tell if you need a new system is when you notice your house is no longer comfortable whether it's summer or winter. Inadequate air flow, air not properly cooled or heated,and humid air are all signs of a system needing repairs or replacement.

By the way,just installing a new heating, air conditioning or HVAC unit is not the end all. You want to make sure your system operates efficiently and also have your contractor:

>> Install a programmable thermostat

>> Seal all ductwork leaks including around grills or registers

>> Insulate ducts with R-6 insulation or higher in areas that are not heated or cooled

>> Periodically diagnose the operating efficiency of your unit

>> Have combustion safety tests performed after duct sealing

>> Close off air leaks in the house to get improve unit performance

The Energy Star rating has a big message behind a small label. Whether you replace your heating and cooling system now or in the future, it's important to do everything you can to make sure your system is operating as efficiently as possible.

Reviews For the Best Central Air Conditioners


Nowadays energy efficient appliances are getting cheaper. They used to be more expensive than traditional appliances but have been more competitive, price-wise, in the past few years. Although high efficiency air conditioning units are still more expensive than conventional air conditioners, they are more affordable now and you will save significant amounts of money in the long run.

When I buy something, I usually check the product reviews online before I decide what to get. It also helps me make a more educated choice regarding features and prices. Air conditioning units are expensive purchases and I am sure you wouldn't want to make a mistake buying the wrong kind. The prices of the best central air conditioners vary depending on their features, power and rate of energy efficiency.

I've come up with a short list of central air conditioners that I've discovered to be great choices among dozens of brands and models. The end choice is really up to you and your budget at the moment of purchase. Energy efficient central air conditioners will save you the most money in energy bills but are a bit more expensive compared to the others. Bottom line is, do you want to save now or later? Let's compare your choices and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of some of the best central air conditioners in the market.

High Efficiency 16 to 23 SEER Central Air Conditioner - Price: $3,500

Pros: This brand and model will be the cheapest to run and give you ultra low energy bills. You will also experience fewer on and off cycles which can be bothersome. The less times the cycle changes, the less electricity is consumed.

Cons: Expensive initial cost. Has the highest price tag among the best central air conditioners. It may also need extensive modifications in the duct work system.

Mini Split Ductless Air Conditioning System - Price: P1,000

Pros: The cheapest among the four best units. You don't need a ductwork to install this unit. Cheaper to install than the typical central air conditioners. People in each room in the house can adjust the temperature to their own preference.

Cons: Although its features are practical for some people, it also needs more maintenance work to make it run efficiently. So, you might spend a lot to keep it in good working condition. Split types usually need more work on a regular basis.

Mid-Range Efficiency AC, 14. 5 to 17 SEER - Price: P3,000

Pros: Cheaper to buy than high energy efficient units. Easy to install. Weather resistant and good rust proofing. Can withstand extreme weather conditions better than other type of central air conditioners.

Cons: Very high fuel costs per month than more expensive energy efficient air conditioners.

Minimum Efficiency Central Air conditioning Units - Price: $2,500

Pros: This type of units are perfect for low-usage, rentals and small budgets. Low price tag but still better than older types of air conditioning models. May provide best value for money.

Cons: Energy bills will be more expensive than high efficient air conditioning units. Mid-range and High range efficiency units are cheaper to use in the long run.

Air Conditioner Maintenance: Don't Forget It


If you are like everybody else in the world, you will want your air conditioner to last as long as possible. These units can be very expensive to replace, so proper air conditioner maintenance is a must. By caring for your unit properly, you will be able to keep it for as long as possible. This will surely save you a couple thousands of dollars throughout the course of your life.

While trying to keep your air conditioner in tip top condition, there are a couple of tips that you will want to follow. They are as follows:

1. Make sure that you check all of the hoses for leaks at least twice a year. The best times to do this is before you turn your unit on for the summer, and just before you are ready to turn it off for the winter. By doing this you will be able to catch onto any problems before they get to be too serious for repair.

2. It is important to keep the outside compressor as clean as possible. Of course it is going to get dirty because of natural occurrences, but by spraying it off with a hose every so often, you will be able to keep it looking new for longer.

3. Have the ductwork cleaned by a professional every couple of years. This maintenance may not seem like a big deal, but it can extend the life of your air conditioner.

4. During the winter months, make sure that you keep the compressor covered. By doing this you will protect it from cold weather as well as harsh conditions such as snow and sleet. When you are buying your air conditioner, ask the installation company if they also have a cover that you can buy. If they do, you should purchase one on the spot. This way you will always have a cover that fits your unit without hassle.

Air conditioner maintenance is very important if you want your unit to last a long time.

Fedders Air Conditioners


Fedders air conditioners are synonymous with quality room air conditioners and small window air conditioners across the globe.

Arguably the largest manufacturer of room air conditioners in America, Fedders is famous for producing residential, commercial, and industrial quality air conditioners.

When the weather becomes unbearable wherever you are, Fedders air conditioning system can make your home a more comfortable place to live. Armed with heating and cooling options that can be changed with a touch of a button on the easy-to-use remote control, you can set the temperature to suit your comfort levels all year round.

You can also adjust the fan speed, mode and timer operation from anywhere in the room through the full-featured remote control.

Though different Fedders products may vary, in terms of warranty and support, you can expect a Fedders 'Full Comfort' warranty, which is a full 90-days parts and labor warranty on most appliances with industry-leading customer service, on most appliances.

In other words, consumers can opt for either repairs or replacements of any defective part due to material or workmanship glitches.

Finding the right size and the ideal type of Fedders air conditioning unit is easy. Smaller window units ranging from 5,000 British thermal units (BTU) to through-wall units with an awe-inspiring 28,000 BTUs of cooling power are available from Fedders, which seamlessly provide ductless area air conditioning and easy installation.

Firstly, to properly select the size of the unit, you must first determine the room size as dimensions of the room establishes the BTU size. Next, the chassis of the unit must fit into the wall or window opening. Last but not least, verify the outlet plug type and electrical requirements of the unit in question.

Once you have settled on the appropriate sizing, dimensions, and BTU standards, you can now select the model of your choice.

Selected Fedders products are packed with features such as electronic or manual controls, energy save functions, ultra quiet operations, adjustable air directions, and auto cool mode.

Fedders also boost ultra-accurate thermostats with their models, claiming that they provide accurate control of room temperature to within 1.5 sF which is superior when compared to the competition. If you were to compare with Sanyo air conditioner, some of the Fedders models also come with the Energy Star label, which are more energy-efficient than standard models.

In addition, Fedders air conditioning systems are pretty much like Ge air conditioners as it also allows for easy cleaning through washable slide out air filters while the exhaust vent removes stale air and odors plus the rear grille prevents coil damage to ensure continued and consistent maximum cooling.

Cooling Solutions - Air Conditioning Duct Repair, Not Replacing Your Air Conditioner


If you own the same house or building for a number of years, there will probably come a time when you have to replace a central air conditioning unit and/or an air handler, which means that you'll have to invest a decent amount of money in the value of your property. Trying to sell a property that doesn't heat or cool properly is like trying to sell a vehicle that doesn't have any seats; the value of your property in the eyes of prospective buyers will decline by far more than what it would cost to solve your heating and cooling problems. In the southern U.S., air conditioning in the summer is simply a necessity. But if your property is experiencing cooling problems, there's no need to jump to the conclusion that your entire air conditioning system needs to be replaced. Usually, the solution is much simpler and costs you a fraction of what you would pay to replace a central air conditioning unit or an air handler.

When a house or building fails to cool properly, it's usually the result of one part of the air conditioning system malfunctioning and not the result of the entire system going kaput. Just as a failing car engine is usually the result of a single bad part, so is a failing air-conditioning system, and that failing part often isn't a mechanical part. Instead, poor indoor cooling is often the result of old or improperly maintained ductwork. Air conditioning duct repair can be necessitated by a variety of factors, such as damage to air ducts by rodents, weakened seals between duct segments or massive collections of dust that eventually occlude air vents and make your house or building feel like a refrigerator that's missing its door. But in each case, air-conditioning duct repair is usually a simple, financially painless process.

One of the most common signs that your house or building is suffering from faulty ductwork is if your air conditioner is running full swing but you have to set your thermostat at an excessively low level to achieve a level of cooling that is degrees above that level. In most cases, the air conditioner's failure to cool your home or building according to the thermostat setting is the result of a lack of air pressure that comes from cool air exiting through weakened seals or holes on its way to your out flowing vents. In other words, the cool air is getting lost in your floors, ceilings and walls where the ductwork is hidden. When an air conditioning repair technician investigates your problem, he or she can use a pressure reading to determine whether or not your ductwork is properly sealed. With the problem identified, the technician will go about mending the leaky seals, cleaning dirty vents or replacing the damaged segments, returning your home or building from a summertime over to a nice place to cool off.

Thursday, September 26, 2013

Where to Turn for Furnace Repairs


Like all other things, furnaces need to be repaired and maintained. You do not want wait to be cold in the house and try to figure out where to turn for furnace repairs. Caring for your furnace before the winter season begins is paramount to having a steady heat supply from your furnace.

Failure to notice the first signs of a furnace problems can be disastrous. You might wait too long resulting in irreversible damage to your system. This can cost you a great deal of cash if you have to replace the whole system.

Identifying whether it is the thermostat, ignitor, distribution fan system, air ducts or wiring is the first step in repairing of a damaged furnace system. The system might not need a full revamp. Instead, the replacing of one key component that is faulty might be the solution.

How to know if you need furnace repairs:

The furnace begins making weird noises. Even a new furnace will have some sound coming out of it, but there is a huge difference between operating sounds and "bad sounds." Distinguishing between the two can help you detect whether your furnace is in urgent need of some repair. Banging, scrapping, and whining sounds are indicators that you might have a faulty system.

The furnace does not provide the same heating temperatures it used to. When your furnace was new, all you had to do was turn the dial up a little and instantly you would feel the effects. Due to neglect, wear and tear, you now have to suffer very low temperature remittance from your radiator.

You might have to turn the dial all the way up to get half of the temperature you used to when the furnace was new. If this is the case, it might be time to ask where to turn for furnace repairs.

Escalating cost of energy bills. A faulty system will have an impact on your energy bills. This impact will be negative. If you notice your bills slowly getting to unheard of proportions, there is definitely something wrong with the furnace heating system.

The Air filters may be blocked. There could be leakage or other such like damages that result in the loss of heat. This in turn gives you low temperature and mind-boggling energy bills.

You experience an inability to start the furnace fast or run it for long stretches of time. Wiring, clogging of ignition system will lead to the furnace being unable to perform over long stints of time. Your way out is to hire a professional furnace repair expert to tell you where the problem lies.

The furnace Light is not blue. A bright orange flame in your furnace characterizes carbon monoxide build up. This is dangerous. You should take immediate steps to repair the system. Carbon monoxide is harmful to your health.

The faster you repair the damaged part of the furnace the faster you stop further damage to the system. Procrastination, when it comes to furnace repair, is very bad. You need professional, fast responding services of furnace repair experts.

Professional furnace repair companies are where to turn for furnace repairs. Their services are easily available. They will ensure your furnace is congestion free and in tiptop condition.

How To Save On Your Heating Bill This Winter


1 - Most thermostats are fitted with a timer. Set the timer to turn the thermostat down by 10 degrees while you're at work and when you're in bed. This can save you 14% on your heating bill.

2 - Purchase some thermal curtains, with an extra thick lining. These prevent heat loss by as much as 25% - giving you a huge saving on your heating bill. Very.co.uk stock a range of thermal curtains starting from 瞿25.

3 - Just the slightest cold breeze can leave you feeling freezing. Buy some draft excluders to prevent cold air from coming into the room, or warm air leaving. They come in all sorts of quirky designs to suit all tastes.

4 - The biggest draft in any home comes from the chimney. Purchase a chimney balloon. This will stop the cold air outside from coming down your chimney.

5 - Some people often forget that it's your central heating that makes your water hot. Purchase a water-efficient shower head. These can use up to 50% less water, which will be a huge saving on your heating bill. Ecocamel is just one of many water-efficient shower heads available.

6 - One third of a household's heating is lost through the walls. Having a well-insulated home will save on your heating bill and cause less heat to escape. Contact your local dealer to see how much you could save.

7 - Could you imagine being in the depths of winter and suddenly your boiler breaks down? That's why you should have your boiler serviced yearly. Spotting potential problems early will save you more money.

8 - We all love to sit by the radiator on cold winter nights. However, putting your sofa or anything else in front of the radiator will stop the heat from circulating around the room.

9 - Shop around and check out other heating oil suppliers. It may be worth changing supplier. Some oil suppliers are now offering a 'green' version of heating oil which is better for your boiler efficiency and could save you money in the long run.

10 - Do you ever feel cold even though the radiator is on? Put tin foil behind your radiator. This will reflect the heat back into the room instead of going straight into the wall. Some stores sell foil especially for this purpose.

Following these steps will save you money this winter whilst still keeping warm and cosy.

Regular Cleaning and Maintenance of Hospital Air Duct Systems is Essential to Healthcare


People can suffer and even die if they are exposed to diseases they did not have when they were admitted to hospital.

Over the years we have become aware of the problems caused by Legionnaire's disease and more recently the so-called MRSA Superbug in hospitals. It means that healthcare facilities, such as hospitals, have to pay particular attention to indoor air systems such as ventilation ducts in both wards and laundries.

Patients with pre-existing health problems, the frail elderly, people with cancer who are going through treatment, and those who may have depressed immune systems are likely to be among the most susceptible to such airborne infections. Hospitals also have special units that need particular attention to indoor air quality such as bone marrow units, neonatal intensive care units, and burn units.

But it's not only patients who are vulnerable. Hospital staff are more exposed to all kinds of illnesses and infections as part of their daily work and protecting their health is important to ensure they can perform their medical and nursing duties effectively and at maximum efficiency. Disease causing organisms can enter the building on air supply, feed on moisture produce, breed in reservoirs installed.

Legionnaire's disease, for example, got its name an incident in Philadelphia, USA, in 1976 where 34 members of the American Legion attending a convention, died of a previously unnamed pneumonia. Investigation found that the bacterium was distributed by the air-conditioning system. Biological contaminants such as bacteria, mould, and viruses can breed in stagnant water that has gradually accumulated in ducts, humidifiers and drain pans of the ventilation system.

It can be a particular problem in older buildings and all parts of the humidification and dehumidification systems must be kept clean and dry to prevent growth of bacteria and fungi.

If not microorganisms can become airborne and infect patients who have suppressed immune systems. Moisture located in other areas may also contribute to mould growth from increased humidity. For instance, certain respiratory care equipment can produce a lot of mist, thus increasing a room's humidity levels.

The need to restrict air movement in and between various departments, plus the specific requirements for ventilation and filtration to dilute and remove contamination in the form of air-borne microorganisums and viruses together form the basic difference between an environment controlled by air conditioning in hospitals and other building types.

It's most important, therefore, as part of its regime for protecting vulnerable patients from additional and possibly life threatening infections not only to have effective hand washing and hygiene rules for staff and visitors but also to have a regular regime of air duct cleaning in place.

There are plenty of specialist duct cleaning companies that are experienced in dealing with maintenance and cleaning of duct systems in large buildings.

Regular inspection, maintenance and documentation of duscts, cleaning and replacement of filters should be part of all such programmes and the specialist companies can provide all this.

Copyright (c) 2010 Alison Withers